Ecological and climate aspects of renewable energy sources exploitation and combustion of fossil fuels for power generation; methods, technical and technological solutions and equipment for decreasing SOx, NOx, PM, as well CO2 emission and pollution/degradation of air, waterways and soil caused by Power Plants operation; environmental protection practice.
Papers selected for Conference Session titled : Environmental and climate aspects of power generation by thermal / hydro / wind and other Power Plants
Frank Oberheid - D-PM1 - Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Abstract
Presentation content:
- Company Introduction and History
- Pollutants in Focus
- Emission Limits
- Economical Aspects of Retrofit
- Desulphurisation Technologies
– Wet Lime/Limestone FGD
– Dry CFB FGD
– Comparison
- Selected Retrofit References
Prof. Dr Slobodan Vukosavić - School of Electrical Engineering University of Belgrade , Dr Željko Despotović - Mihajlo Pupin Institute, University of Belgrade , M.Sc. Nikola Popov - School of Electrical Engineering University of Belgrade
Abstract
The power management method of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) significantly affect on the separation efficiency of fly ash and fine particles from smoke gases that through the funnel drainage into the atmosphere as a specific unwanted product of electric energy production on thermal power plants (TPP). In previous decades ESP in TPP were fed by SCR controlled devices having a high degree of reliability, but with relatively low collection efficiency, hence requiring large effective surface of the collection plates and a large weight of steel construction. The collection and energy efficiency of the ESP can be increased by applying multi resonant high frequency high voltage (HFHV) power supply. This paper describe the HFHV power unit AR70/1000, topology, principles of operation and measurement results obtained during extensive experimental investigations on thermal power plants
mr Kemal Bečić, dipl.ing. - JP Elektroprivreda BiH, Podružnica Termoelektrana "Kakanj", Kakanj , Enez Đakovac, dipl.ing. - JP Elektroprivreda BiH, Podružnica Termoelektrana "Kakanj", Kakanj
Abstract
Savremeni elektroodvajači postižu visoku efikasnost otprašivanja uz niske eksploatacione troškove i mali pad pritiska, ali efikasnost otprašivanja rapidno opada sa smanjivanjem veličine čestice. Vrećasti filteri zadržavaju visok stepen otprašivanja u širem rasponu veličine čestica, ali se odlikuju velikim padom pritiska što često rezultira velikim i skupim kućištima. Hibridni filteri koji se sastoje od elektroodvajača i vrećastih filtera spojenih u seriju ujedinjuju dobre strane obje tehnike. U ovom radu su prikazani efekti ugradnje vrećastih filtera na elektroodvajačima blokova 110 MWe u Termoelektrani “Kakanj”, kao i očekivani efekti ugradnje vrećastog filtera na elektroodvajaču bloka 230 MWe.
M. Erić*, Z. Marković*, P. Škobalj*, D. Cvetinović*, P. Stefanović*, **M.Petković, **D Stanković - *University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia **JP EPS PD TENT 11500 Obrenovac, Serbia
Abstract
Republic of Serbia as a country signatory (from 2006) of the TREATY establishing ENERGY COMMUNITY of the SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (ECSEE) adopted obligations to reduce emission of SOx, NOx and particulate matter-dust from Large Combustion Plants (>50 MWth) up to 2017. in compliance with EU requirements i.e Directive 2001/80/EC. According to obligations, transposition of the Directive 2001/80/EC into state legislation have been performed: Low on air protection (Sl. Glasnik RS br. 36/09) and the Directive on Limitation emission values for the pollutations emited in air (Sl. Glasnik RS br. 71/10) were addopted by the Parliamanent, while Electric Power Industry of Serbia (JP EPS) as a socially responsible company have started with reconstructions and modernization of the electrostatic precipitators on all their units since 2005. TPP Nikola Tesla A performed reconstruction of the electrostatic precipitators at units: A5 (2004), A1 (2006), A2 (2005), A4 (2007) and, at unit A6 with increased power level (from 308,5 MW to 348 MW) during 2010. Most of the investment for the Upgraded Electrostatic Precipitator at unit A6 were financed by the EU grant while part of the investment was financed by the JP EPS, too. By the international tender and the Contract, the contractor (RAFAKO) had the obligation to reconstruct the ESP in that way that the emission of particulate matter should be below 50 mg/Nm3 in all workig conditions of the boiler and ESP, especially under increased power level of the Unit, during the prolonged life of next 15 years.
Paper presents results of the measurements of boiler/Unit parameters and outlet concentration of particulate matter during the guarantee investigations for the reconstructed electrostatic precipitators performed by Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy as an independent institution, accepted by all parties of the Contract and performed in accordance with standards ISO 9096 and EN 13284-1.
Mr Branislava Jovanović, Mr Vladana Rajaković-Ognjanović - Građevinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73,IZ1 000 Beograd , Dr Ljubinka Rajaković - Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Karnegijeva 4, 11 000 Beograd
Abstract
This paper presents results on wastewater quantity and quality generated in thermo power plants Kostolac A&B. The results are obtained from Preliminary design on wastewater treatment in TPP Kostolac. Huge water consumption neccessary for electrical energy production (for cooling purposes, preparation of demi and deka water, etc.) inevitably leads to large wastewater production. Total wastewater production in TPP Kostolac A is estimated to 160 m3/MWh and 140 m3/MWh in TPP Kostolac B. However, results on wastewater quality indicated that only small portion shoud be treated prior to discharge into the recipients. In regard to Serbian and EU wastewater discharge and treatment regulations, only oiled and oiled storm waters should be treated prior to discharge, which is only 0,4 L/MWh in TPP Kostolac A and 0,9 L/MWh in TPP Kostolac B.
Apstrakt
U ovom radu su prikazani neki od rezultata bilansiranja količina i praćenja kvaliteta otpadnih voda u TE Kostolac A i B koja su urađena u okviru Generalnog projekta tretmana otpadnih voda u PD „Termoelektrane Kostolac”. Obzirom na velike količine voda koje se zahvataju za potrebe proizvodnje električne energije (hlađenje, priprema demi i deka vode, vode za piće itd), u okviru procesa proizvodnje električne energije nastaju i velike količine otpadnih voda. Ukupna produkcija otpadnih voda u TE Kostolac A je oko 160 m3/MWh i 140 m3/MWh u TE Kostolac B. Međutim, rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta otpadnih voda su pokazali da ne treba sve otpadne vode koje se generišu u TE Kostolac prečišćavati. Prema kriterijumima domaće i EU zakonske regulative u obe TE treba prečišćavati zauljene i atmosferske zauljene otpadne vode. U TEKO A to je svega oko 0,4 L/MWh i 0,9 L/MWh u TEKO B.
Vladimir Jovanović - Univerzitet u Beogradu, Mašinski fakultet
Abstract
Faktor goriva („F faktor“) je alternativni način određivanja protoka dimnih gasova koji je od oktobra 1975. uveden kao standardna metoda od strane američkog Saveznog registra (Federal Register). Od tada se koristi u proračunima vezanim za zaštitu životne sredine zato što omogućava relativno jednostavno i brzo određivanje emisije štetnih i opasnih materija iz procesa sagorevanja. U literaturi su dostupni podaci za faktor goriva za različita goriva, međutim, kada su u pitanju ugljevi, oni su dati za američke ugljeve koji se razlikuju od srpskih lignita. S obzirom da primenljivost ovog faktora zavisi od sastava goriva, poželjno je da se pre primene proveri u odnosu na referentnu metodu, merenjem protoka dimnog gasa pomoću Pitot-ove sonde. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati merenja dobijenih pri merenjima emisije iz kotlova u TE Obrenovac A i B tokom perioda od devet godina. Na osnovu poznatih podataka elementarne i tehničke analize uglja određen je faktor goriva za srpski lignit Kolubara, a zatim proveren poređenjem sa rezultatima merenja protoka dimnih gasova.
Dr Željko Despotović - Mihajlo Pupin Institute, University of Belgrade , Dr Aleksandar Ribić - Mihajlo Pupin Institute, University of Belgrade
Abstract
In addition to the high voltage power supply and drive electrostatic precipitator rappers, very important is the system to remove precipitated dust from the collecting hoppers which are located directly below the electrode system. Vibration of collecting hoppers appropriate amplitude and frequency can significantly improve the removal of precipitated dust. The vibratory actuators having electromagnetic drive are commonly used in these systems as a source of vibration. They are a standard controlled by thyristor converters. This converter is provided amplitude control of vibration and through it control of the flow collecting particles. Since these converters are synchronized to the 50Hz network, frequency of generated vibrations can be at 50Hz (single thyristor) or 100Hz (two thyristor in ant parallel). For the efficient flow and transport of separated particles is needed in addition to amplitude control to provide and frequency control of collecting hoppers. This paper presents one possible solution to the switching control of vibration actuator through IGBT converters which provided their amplitude and frequency control. Based on a simulation model of the system was developed experimental model, which shows the characteristic oscilloscopic records and confirmed the effectiveness of proposed solutions
Predrag M. Živković - Univerzitet u Nišu, Mašinski fakultet, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Niš, Srbija , Mladen A. Tomić - Visoka tehnička škola strukovnih studija Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Niš, Srbija , Gradimir S. Ilić - Univerzitet u Nišu, Mašinski fakultet, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Niš, Srbija , Aleksandra D. Boričić - Visoka tehnička škola strukovnih studija Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Niš, Srbija
Abstract
Increase of traffic intensity as well as the rapid industry development across the world resulted in air quality becoming one of the most important influences of everyday life. Air quality monitoring is the necessary factor for proper decision making regarding air quality and pollution. Basics of such investigations are the measurement of wind characteristics, as the wind is the most influential factor in turbulent pollution diffusion into the atmosphere. The most of the air pollution originates from combustion processes, and the sources of pollution can be very distant. It is important to make quantitative, as well as qualitative analysis of the the polution levels. In this paper, specific methodology for continuous wind, temperature and air quality data acquisition is presented. Comparison of the measured results is given, as well as the detailed presentation of the characteristics of the acquisition software used.
Mladen A. Tomić - Visoka tehnička škola strukovnih studija Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Niš, Srbija , Predrag M. Živković - Univerzitet u Nišu, Mašinski fakultet, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Niš, Srbija , Ivan T. Ćirić - Univerzitet u Nišu, Mašinski fakultet, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Niš, Srbija , Boban T. Cvetanović - Visoka tehnička škola strukovnih studija Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Niš, Srbija , Žarko M. Stevanović - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku, Poštanski fax 522, 11001 Beograd, Srbija
Abstract
The subject of this paper is to effectively estimate traffic induced pollution emission in the city of Niš. It is well known that the traffic is the single largest pollutant. Therefore, proper treatment of this component of pollution is very important for precise estimation of pollution levels. Measurements of traffic frequency, vehicle direction, CO2 concentration, were carried out at several critical locations in the city. This experimental data were used as training data for hybrid soft computing estimator of pollution levels is developed. Developed inteligent system estimator is fuzzy model optimally adjusted by artificial neural network, commonly known as ANFIS. Test data for some characteristic cases presented at the end of the paper shows good agreement of ANFIS estimator output with experimental data. Presented results are true indicator of implemented method usability.
Prof. dr Zdravko N. Milovanović* - Univerzitet U Banjoj Luci, Mašinski fakultet Banja Luka, S. Stepanovića 71, 78000 Banja Luka , Momir Samardžić* - MH Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske, ZP RiTE Ugljevik* , Svetlana Dumonjić-Milovanović - Partner inženjering doo, Kralja Nikole 25, 78000 Banja Luka , Prof. dr Darko Knežević - Univerzitet U Banjoj Luci, Mašinski fakultet Banja Luka, S. Stepanovića 71, 78000 Banja Luka , Mr Vinko Babić - Univerzitet U Banjoj Luci, Mašinski fakultet Banja Luka, S. Stepanovića 71, 78000 Banja Luka
Abstract
Kod svakog oblika proizvodnje električne energije neminovno dolazi do uticaja na okolinu, pri čemu je u slučaju korišćenja energije vjetra taj uticaj u poređenju sa konvencionalnim tehnologijama relativno zanemarljiv. Pri radu vjetroturbine ne javljaju se emisije štetnih gasova, ne stvara se čvrsti otpadni materijal, a ni radioaktivni otpad. Kod proizvodnje električne energije iz vjetroturbina ne dolazi do nikakvih štetnih posljedica za stanovništvo, i to ne samo na lokaciji gdje se vjetropark nalazi, već ni bilo gdje drugdje u svijetu u smislu emitovanja prekograničnog zagađenja. Pored toga, korišćenje energije vjetra potpuno se uklapa u koncept održivog razvoja i nema nikakvih posledica za život budućih generacija. Negativni efekti izgradnje vjetroparka valoriziraju se procjenom mogućih uticaja i posljedica projekta na komponente životne sredine, temeljne prirodne i kulturno-istorijske vrijednosti i razvojne mogućnosti, i mogu se svrstati u dvije kategorije. Prvu kategoriju predstavljaju uticaji koji su posljedica izgradnje i imaju privremeni karakter. Posljedice nastaju radi upotrebe teške mehanizacije, građevinske tehnologije i organizacije gradilišta. Negativni uticaji, takođe, su rezultat iskopa i odlaganja materijala, transporta i ugradnje manjih ili većih količina građevinskog materijala. Drugu kategoriju sačinjavaju uticaji koji proizilaze iz uspostavljanja polja vjetrogeneratora i njihovog funkcionisanja. Ti uticaji imaju stalan (trajan) karakter i kao takvi predstavljaju uticaje od posebnog interesa. I pored toga što je uticaj energije vjetra na okolinu daleko manji od uticaja konvencionalnih energetskih izvora, on ipak postoji. Zbog toga je, u skladu sa važećom zakonskom legislativom u Republici Srpskoj odnosno BiH u cjelini, već u okviru Prethodne procjene uticaja na životnu sredinu neophodno analizirati uticaj na kvalitet zemljišta i pojavu efekta erozije tla, uticaj na kvalitet vode, uticaj na kvalitet vazduha i mikroklimu, uticaj na kvalitet pejzažnih karakteristika područja, uticaj na ukupni nivo buke, uticaj na intenzitet vibracija i zračenja, uticaj na kvalitet flore i faune, zatim uticaj na prirodna dobra posebnih vrijednosti, kulturna i materijalna dobra, kao i uticaj na moguće zasjenjivanje i treperenje.